Ad-hoc and infrastructure are two different modes of wireless connection. There are many differences between these two wireless modes. But the major difference between them is the presence or absence of a centralized wireless device. So let us check how it is important. If you see a wireless network where all the wireless hosts are connected to a network via a router or Access Point, you can call it an infrastructure network. In infrastructure mode, we need a centralized device to share wireless among the clients. If you see two computers sharing wireless directly, it is an Ad-hoc network. In Ad-hoc network, there is no centralized device to share wireless connection between two computers.
Though this article is about the major differences between infrastructure and Ad-hoc wireless modes, it is important to explain how wireless changed the way of traditional home networking. Before the introduction of wireless technology in networking, we used Ethernet cables to connect computers in a LAN. If you manage a traditional LAN, you know the difficulty in arranging the Ethernet cables. Wireless eliminated the requirement of using cables in LAN. Latest wireless technologies like 802.11n ensures the speed of data transfer through wireless is almost equal to the speed of data transfer through Ethernet cable.
Working of infrastructure mode
In infrastructure mode, we can see a router or Access Point to connect every wireless client in the network. Here, data transfer is done via router only. Centralized device has one more duty in infrastructure mode. Router is responsible to assign unique IP addresses to every devices in the network. Network admin can assign static IP addresses to all the computers in the network but the best practice is to allow router to assign IP addresses automatically. If computers obtain IP addresses automatically, there is little chance of manual errors.
Working of Ad-Hock mode
We do not use a centralized device in ad-hoc wireless mode. Data transfer is done between computers directly in this type of networking. One important point is the status of wireless adapters in your computers. All the adapters should be set in ad-hoc mode to transfer data between them directly.
IP addressing in both modes
In infrastructure mode, router has the duty to assign IP addresses to all the clients in the network. That means there is no need to assign static IP addresses by the Administrator. However, in ad-hoc mode there is no scope of automatic IP addressing. It is because of the absence of central device. So here we need to assign IP addresses manually.
Siju GK is a Network Engineer and the author of Setup D-Link router. It is an easy step by step manual guide to configure D-Link wireless router. Improve Broadband Speed is his another tutorial tells simple computer tweaks to get maximum possible speed from your subscribed Internet connection. This article tells the fundamental difference between two major wireless modes. In infrastructure wireless mode, we use either a router or an Access Point. It is because we need a central device to connect all the computers. In Ad Hoc mode, there is router. So computers are connected directly.
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